胡麻种质资源表型性状的鉴定与分析

Evaluation and analysis of phenotypic traits of flax germplasm resources

为了精准鉴定胡麻种质的表型,为种质创新和品种选育奠定基础,在4个环境下,对269份胡麻种质资源产量和品质相关14个表型性状进行鉴定统计分析,结果表明,胡麻产量和品质相关性状存在广泛的表型变异,其中单株粒重变异系数最大(24.33%),全生育日数变异系数最小(2.66%)。产量相关性状表型变异系数依次排序为单株粒重>单株果数>千粒重>工艺长度>分枝数>株高>果粒数>全生育日数,品质性状表型变异系数依次排序为硬脂酸>油酸>棕榈酸>亚油酸>亚麻酸>粗脂肪,14个表型性状均呈现正态分布的趋势。4个环境下亚麻酸的广义遗传力最大,达到了85.91%,工艺长度的广义遗传力最小,为52.38%。产量性状的广义遗传力依次排序为千粒重>果粒数>单株粒重>株高>全生育日数>单株果数>分枝数>工艺长度,品质性状的广义遗传力依次排序为亚麻酸>粗脂肪>硬脂酸>油酸>棕榈酸>硬脂酸。

For oil flax breeding,accurately identification and evaluation of germplasm phenotypic traits were focused using 269 flax germplasm resources.A total of 14 phenotypic traits related to yield and quality were investi⁃gated in 4 environments.The results showed wide phenotypic variations in yield and quality traits,among which the coefficient of variation of grain weight per plant was the highest(24.33%),and growth duration was the lowest(2.66%).The order of phenotypic variation coefficients of yield-related traits was grain weight per plant>fruit num⁃ber per plant>1000-grain weight>stem length>branch number>plant height>fruit number>growth duration.The order of phenotypic variation coefficients of quality traits was stearic acid>oleic acid>palmitic acid>linoleic acid>crude fat.14 phenotypic traits showed normal distribution trend.In 4 environments,the broad heritability of linolenic acid reached 85.91%and 52.38%for stem length.The order of general heritability of yield traits was 1000-grain weight>fruit grain number>grain weight per plant>plant height>growth duration>fruit number per plant>branch number>stem length.The order of general heritability of quality traits was linolenic acid>crude fat>stearic acid>oleic acid>palmitic acid>stearic acid.