生长环境及培养基对小麦单倍体胚萌发率和成苗率的影响

Effects of Growth Environment and Culture Medium on Haploid Embryo Germination Rate and Plantlet Regeneration Rate of Wheat

为了提高小麦单倍体幼胚的萌发率和成苗率,对不同小麦材料与玉米的杂交穗在不同生长环境(离体培养、盆栽和大田生长)及不同培养基[1/2MS培养基MC1,添加50 mg/L维生素C和150 mg/L谷氨酰胺的1/2MS培养基MC2,添加0.5 mg/L IAA(Indole-3-acetic acid)、0.5 mg/L KT(Kinetin)、150 mg/L谷氨酰胺的1/2MS培养基MC3]中的单倍体胚诱导及成苗效果进行分析。结果表明,环境条件及培养基对小麦单倍体胚的诱导及成苗均具有显著影响。小麦杂交穗离体培养条件下获得的单倍体胚质量较高,单倍体胚萌发率和成苗率分别为81.5%和63.0%,比大田条件下提高60.1%和3.4倍,比盆栽提高30.4%和68.0%。不同小麦材料在MC3培养基中的培养效果最好,小麦单倍体胚平均萌发率和平均成苗率在MC1培养基上分别为42.3%和15.3%,在MC2培养基上分别为46.2%和27.5%,在MC3培养基上分别为65.6%和38.2%。综合分析,1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IAA+0.5 mg/L KT+150 mg/L谷氨酰胺对中小胚和发育不良幼胚的培养效果较好,获得了相对较高的萌发率和成苗率,但一次培养成苗率较低,需要及时更换培养基进行促根壮苗培养。

In order to improve the germination rate and plantlet regeneration rate of wheat haploid embryos,the induction rate and plantlet regeneration rate of haploid embryo from hybrid spike of different wheat materials×maize under different growth environments(culture in vitro,pot culture and field culture)and different media[1/2MS medium,named MC1;adding 50 mg/L vitamin C and 150 mg/L glutamine in 1/2MS medium,named MC2;adding 0.5 mg/L IAA(indole-3-acetic acid),0.5 mg/L KT(kinetin),150 mg/L glutamine in 1/2MS medium,named MC3]were analyzed.The results showed that environmental condition and culture medium had significant effects on the induction rate and plantlet regeneration rate of haploid embryo.The quality of haploid embryo obtained from wheat hybrid spike cultured in vitro was higher,the germination rate and plantlet regeneration rate of haploid embryo were 81.5%and 63.0%,respectively,which were 60.1%and 3.4 times higher than those from field culture,30.4%and 68.0%higher than those from pot culture.The culture effects of different wheat materials were the best on MC3,the average germination rate and plantlet regeneration rate of wheat haploid embryo were 42.3%and 15.3%on MC1,46.2%and 27.5%on MC2,and 65.6%and 38.2%on MC3,respectively.In summary,1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IAA+0.5 mg/L KT+150 mg/L glutamine had good culture effect on the small and medium-sized embryos and immature embryos with poor development,and obtained relatively high germination rate and plantlet regeneration rate,but the rate of one-time seedling formation was low,so it was necessary to replace the medium for root-promoting seedling culture.