农村劳动力转移对县域农业生产效率的空间溢出效应——基于1832个县的面板数据

The spatial spillover effects of rural labor migration on the agricultural production efficiency of counties:An empirical analysis based on a panel data of 1832 counties

县域农业对确保我国粮食安全具有重要作用,探究农村劳动力转移对县域农业生产效率的空间溢出效应,有利于解决县域间农村劳动力错配问题,促进县域农业经济增长。基于全国1832个县2002-2010年的面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型分析农村劳动力转移对县域农业生产效率的空间溢出效应及其区域差异。研究发现,在时间上,中国县域农业生产效率年均增长率为0.12%。在空间上,南方县域农业生产效率普遍高于北方,粮食主产区县域农业生产要素配置效率改善程度高于非粮食主产区。计量结果表明,农村劳动力转移能显著改善县域农业生产要素配置效率,邻近县域农村劳动力转移对本地县域农业生产效率有显著的正向空间溢出效应,对非粮食主产区县域农业生产效率的空间溢出效应大于粮食主产区。因此,应加快县域农村劳动力转移,促进县域间农业生产要素合理流动,释放粮食主产区县域农业增长潜力。

County agriculture is very important to ensure food security in China.Studying the spatial effects of rural labor migration on the agricultural production efficiency of counties is helpful to better solve the labor misallocation problem in rural areas among counties and to promote the growth of agricultural economy.Based on a panel data of 1832 counties from 2002 to 2010,this paper examines the spatial effects of rural labor migration on the efficiency of county agricultural production and its regional differences.Results show that counties’agricultural production efficiency of China increases with an average annual growth rate of 0.12%.From the perspective of geographical distribution,the agricultural production efficiencies of the southern counties are generally higher than those of the north,and the allocation efficiency improvement of agricultural production factors in the main grain producing areas is higher than that in the non-grain producing areas.Results also show that rural labor migration can improve the allocation efficiency of counties’agricultural production factors with the spatial Durbin model.The spatial spillover effect of rural labor migration of adjacent counties on the agricultural production efficiency of the local counties is obviously positive,which is greater in the non-grain producing area than that of the main grain producing areas.Therefore,this paper suggests speeding up rural labor migration and promoting factors among counties will expand the potential of counties’agricultural growth in the main grain producing areas.