陕西省耕地等别空间特征

Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Cultivated Land Grade in Shaanxi Province

为进一步认识陕西省耕地质量的空间格局及分布特征,以期为耕地质量保护提供理论支持,以2016年陕西省县域农用地分等成果为数据源,使用多空间尺度定量方法分析了耕地质量空间分布特征,并基于ArcGIS 10.2进行了空间数据表达。结果表明:(1)陕西省耕地质量整体偏低,综合等别为11.33等,以中、低等地为主,占全省耕地的82.70%;(2)全省耕地质量空间差异明显,总体上呈关中>陕南>陕北,耕地质量综合等别依次为9.68等、13.34等和11.28等;(3)从县域尺度看,48个县耕地质量高于全省平均水平,56个县低于全省平均水平,空间分布差异突出;(4)省级分等指标区内,耕地质量关中渭河平原区>陕南低山平坝区>陕南秦巴中高山区>渭北黄土旱塬区>商洛山地丘陵区>陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区>陕北长城沿线风沙区,一级指标区内,耕地等别同资源本底要素一致,复种熟制越高,等别越小;总体上,海拔越高,耕地质量越低。

In order to deeply understand the spatial pattern and distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality in Shaanxi Province, and to provide theoretical support for the protection of cultivated land quality, based on the results of county agricultural land classification in Shaanxi Province in 2016, we quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality, and utilized ArcGIS 10.2 to express spatial data. The results showed that:(1) the average grade of cultivated land quality in Shaanxi Province was 11.33, which was generally low;the cultivated land mainly belonged to the moderate or lower classes, accounting for 82.70% of the cultivated land of the whole province;(2) the spatial differences of cultivated land quality in the whole province were obvious;the cultivated land quality in Guanzhong was the best, followed by southern Shaanxi, and the cultivated land quality in northern Shaanxi was the worst, and the average grades of cultivated land qualities in Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi and northern Shaanxi was 9.68, 11.28 and 13.34, respectively;(3) in terms of county scale, the cultivated land qualities of 48 counties were higher than the average level of the whole province, and the cultivated land qualities of 56 counties were lower than the average level of the whole province, differences of prominent spatial distribution were significant;(4) in the provincial classing index areas, cultivated land quality rank decreased in the order: Guanzhong-Weiheplain area>Low mountains and hills in southern Shaanxi>Qinba mountains in southern Shaanxi>Weibei loess upland area>Shangluo mountain hilly area>Loess hilly and gully region of northern Shaanxi>sandstorm along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi;in the first-level index areas, the grade of cultivated land was consistent with the background elements of resources;the higher the multiple cropping was, the smaller the grade was;in general, the higher the altitude is, the lower the quality of cultivated land is.