基于TOPSIS模型的村域高标准基本农田建设时序与整治模式

Study on Timing Sequence and Regulation Mode of High Standard Basic Farmland Construction in Village Based on TOPSIS Model

乡村振兴背景下,研究村域尺度的高标准基本农田建设时序安排和整治分区是实现耕地规模管控、质量保护和生态管护的有效措施,也是保障国家粮食安全的重要手段。针对集中连片、设施配套、生态良好等要求,以玉皇村为研究区域,分别从耕地的自然禀赋、设施配套条件、空间区位条件和景观形态4个方面构建了较为全面的指标体系。采用熵权法和AHP法修正权重,基于理想解逼近法安排高标准基本农田建设时序。同时识别主要限制因子,利用矩阵互斥法对限制因素进行了组合设计,确定整治模式。结果表明:高标准基本农田建设时序分为近、中、远期建设3种类型区,面积分别为80.29 hm^2,212.76 hm^2,88.59 hm^2;整治模式分为3类,即坡改梯整治区、水利设施整治区和田间道路整治区,各区耕地面积分别为42.16 hm^2,78.69 hm^2,91.91 hm^2。该研究不仅对村域的高标准基本农田建设时序进行了合理安排,且确定了具体整治模式,为村域范围内耕地差别化管控、土地整治提供参考,为微观尺度下的高标准农田建设规划和新一轮土地整治规划编制提供科学支撑。

Under the background of rural revitalization, we studied the timing arrangement and consolidation zoning of high-standard basic farmland construction at village scale. It is an effective measure to realize the control of farmland scale, quality protection and ecological management and protection. It is also important to guarantee national food security. Aiming at the requirements of concentration, supporting facilities and friendly environment, we took Yuhuang village as study area. We constructed a relatively comprehensive index system from four aspects such as natural endowment of cultivated land, supporting facilities, spatial location conditions and landscape forms. Entropy weight method and AHP method were adopted to correct the weight, and we used TOPSIS to arrange the timing sequence of high-standard basic farmland construction. At the same time, we identified the main limiting factors, and used the matrix mutual exclusion method to design the limiting factors for consolidation mode. The timing sequence of high-standard basic farmland construction was divided into three types: near-, mid-and long-term construction, their areas were 80.29 hm^2, 212.76 hm^2 and 88.59 hm^2, respectively. We divided improvement mode into three types including slope modification construction mode, irrigation works construction mode and field roads construction mode. Their areas were 42.16 hm^2, 78.69 hm^2 and 91.91 hm^2, respectively. This study not only reasonably arranges the timing of high-standard basic farmland construction in the village area, but also determines the specific regulation mode, provides the reference for the differential control of farmland and land regulation within the village area, and provides the scientific support for the high-standard farmland construction planning at the micro scale and the new round of land regulation planning.