没落与传承:长白山采参习俗的深度调研——基于兴参镇自兴村张氏放山家族的个案分析

Decline and inheritance:In-depth investigation on the ginseng collecting customs in Changbai Mountains--Case analysis based on Zhangshi Fangshan family in Zixing village,Xingshen town

本次调研主要采用质性研究,选取吉林省抚松县兴参镇自兴村张氏放山家族为个案,调查长白山采参习俗历史变迁与传承现状.研究基于民俗学、社会学、人类学理论角度,综合运用文献材料法、深度访谈法等方法,发现长白山采参习俗存在如下现实困境:野山参稀缺、林下参市场经济冲击巨大、人对自然的主观敬畏削弱、缺乏团队意识;此外传承环境、方式以及经济因素都一定程度影响了长白山采参习俗的传承和发展.张氏家族的个案表明:加强传统文化习俗保护,应从多层次联合落实政策,拓展宣传途径,扩大宣传力度,以文化体验增强吸引,抓好院校阵地建设等方面入手.

This research mainly adopts qualitative research,selects the Zhangshi Fangshan family in Zixing Village,Xingshen Town,Fusong County,Jilin Province as the case,and investigates the historical changes and inheritance status of ginseng collecting customs in Changbai Mountain.Research based on the theory of folklore,sociology,anthropology perspective,the integrated use of the method of literature material method,the depth interview method,found that the Changbai Mountain mining and custom of dilemma which were as follows:scarce wild ginseng,panax ginseng market economy impact huge,weaken one subjective fear of nature,lack of consciousness of team,in addition to inheriting environment,way,and economic factors are to a certain extent affect the inheritance and development of Changbai Mountain mining and customs.The case of the Zhang Family shows that to strengthen the protection of traditional cultural customs,it is necessary to implement the policy at different levels,expand the publicity channels,expand the publicity intensity,enhance the attraction with the cultural experience,and do a good job in the field construction of colleges and universities.