民事司法视域下生态修复责任的法律困境及对策研究

Research on the Legal Dilemma and Countermeasures ofEcological Restoration Responsibility under Civil Justice

生态修复关乎环境司法制度功能的实现,从2012年确立的环境民事公益诉讼制度到2019年确立的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度,相关司法解释都明确了在环境民事司法中可以适用生态环境修复的责任。但对于这一新型责任,还存在基本法律问题认识不清的状况,适用中也出现诸多法律困境。因此,有必要对生态修复责任的内涵、特征、与“恢复原状”责任之间的关系等基本法律问题进行厘清。并在此基础之上,分析环境民事司法适用该责任时在责任认定和执行两个层面可能遇到的法律困境,针对具体的问题提出完善建议,以推动生态修复责任在民事司法中的有效落实。

Ecological restoration is related to the realization of the functions of the environmental justice system.From the environmental civil public interest litigation system established in 2012 to the ecological environment damage compensation litigation system established in 2019,relevant judicial interpretations have made it clear that the responsibility of ecological environment restoration can be applied in environmental civil justice.But for this new responsibility,there is still a lack of understanding of the basic legal issues,and there are many legal difficulties in the application.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the basic legal issues,such as the connotation,characteristics and relationship between the ecological restoration responsibility and the responsibility to restore the original state.On this basis,this paper analyzes the possible legal difficulties in the two aspects of liability determination and enforcement when applying the liability in environmental civil justice.Then puts forward suggestions for improving the specific problems,so as to promote the effective implementation of ecological restoration liability in civil justice.