《史记》“感生神话”天命观及其历史书写

The Concept of Destiny and its Historical Narration in Shiji

《史记》中有不少神话传说,其中商周秦始祖、汉高祖及褒姒的感生神话尤其令人注目。司马迁以《诗经》为依据书写商周始祖的感生神话,而秦始祖及汉高祖的感生神话则是在相关传说的基础上加工而成。司马迁秉承“不隐恶,不虚美”的叙事手法对商周秦始祖、汉高祖及褒姒的感生神话进行架构,巧妙地将神话传说的虚幻性与历史书写的纪实性相结合,集中体现了天随人愿的天命思想,在一定程度上为大一统的观念奠定了基础,对后世史学影响深远。

There are many myths and legends in the records of Shiji,among which the legend of the ancestors of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,the Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty,and Bao Si are particularly remarkable.Sima Qian wrote the myth of the ancestor of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties on the basis of the Book of Songs,while the myth of the Ancestor of Qin and the Emperor Gaozu of the Han dynasties are based on the related legend.Sima Qian adhered to the"not hidden evil,not imaginary beauty"techniques of narration,aimed to Shang,Zhou,Ancestors of Qin,Emperor Gaozu and Bao Si induced myth architecture,skillfully combined the illusoriness of the myths and legends and the documentary of historical writing,concentrated reflect the thought of the destiny of heaven as the wish of human beings.To a certain extent,laid the foundation for the idea of a unified and a far-reaching influence on the later history.