论融资租赁中的所有人抵押权

Study on the Titleholder's Mortgage in Financial Leasing

《融资租赁司法解释》第9条第(2)项所确认的出租人于租赁物上之抵押权,是在缺乏统一及强制的融资租赁登记制度下的变通之举,其实质是借助抵押人无权处分抵押物之规则,替代承租人无权处分租赁物之规则。但实践与理论对该抵押权之性质存在争议。在债权移转时,新债权人对该抵押权具有利益。《民法典》(草案)修改了抵押人无权处分之规则,亦削弱动产抵押之公示对抗效力,该司法解释的逻辑前提似将缺失,但令出租人行使抵押权亦具备了可能性与实益。所有人抵押权在比较法上及我国实践中均有迹可循,并非无法逾越的逻辑鸿沟。从解释论角度出发,对物权法定主义作宽松的理解,至少在融资租赁法律关系中,应承认所有人抵押权。

The financial lease lessor's mortgage right on the leased property is a modification of the lack of a unified and mandatory financial lease registration system.Its essence is to use the rule that the mortgagor has no right to dispose of the mortgaged property instead of the lessee.The rules have been confirmed by Article 9(2)of the Judicial Interpretation of Financial Leasing.However,practice and theory dispute the nature of the mortgage.When the creditor's right is transferred,the new creditor has an interest in the mortgage.In the context of the Civil Code,the mortgagor can freely transfer the mortgaged property,and publicity effect of chattel mortgage is also weakened.The logical premise of the judicial interpretation seems to be missing,but it also makes it possible for the lessor to exercise the right to mortgage.The owner's mortgage rights are traceable in comparative law and in China's practice,not a logical gap that cannot be crossed.From the perspective of hermeneutics,to loosely understand the numerus clausus,at least in the financial lease legal relationship,the titleholder s mortgage should be recognized.