论蒯因自然主义的内在矛盾--从分析哲学的观点看

On the Internal Contradictions of Quine’s Naturalism——From the Analytical Philosophy Point of View

蒯因的自然主义包含着基本方法论上的矛盾,即极端经验论和极端整体论的矛盾,这使逻辑的不协调性渗透于他的自然主义学说的诸多方面,其中包括意义理论、指称理论、认识论和本体论等。蒯因本体论的矛盾可以归结为语境主义多元论与物理主义一元论之间的冲突,或者说是论域相对论和经验绝对论之间的冲突。蒯因认识论的矛盾可以归结为方法论自我指称的恶性循环,或者说是元方法与对象方法的混淆。诸多矛盾的存在使蒯因的自然主义学说严重失范,然而,重视逻辑规范正是分析哲学的根本特征。由此可见,蒯因的自然主义与分析哲学相去甚远,甚或是背道而驰的。

Quine’s naturalism contains contradiction in basic methodology,that is the contradiction between extreme empiricism and extreme holism,which makes the incoherence of logic permeate into many aspects of his naturalism,including the theory of meaning,the theory of reference,epistemology and ontology.The contradiction of Quine’s ontology can be ascribed to the conflict between contextual pluralism and physical monism,or the conflict between domain relativity and empirical absolutism.Quine’s epistemological contradiction can be ascribed to the vicious circle of methodological self-reference,or the confusion between meta-methods and object methods.The existence of many contradictions makes Quine’s naturalistic theories lose norms seriously.However,attaching importance to logical norms is the fundamental characteristic of analytic philosophy.It can be seen that Quine’s naturalism is far from analytic philosophy,or even runs counter to it.