试论苏佩斯的“习惯”理论--基于理性选择的视角

On Suppes’s Theory of“habit”——Based on the Perspective of Rational Choice

"习惯"在人类思维、认知与行为中具有重要的价值与意义。关于习惯的哲学探问可谓古已有之。从古希腊至今,不同学者基于各自的研究旨趣对习惯所做的种种阐释为习惯理论的形成与发展奠定了丰富的概念与方法基础。基于此,苏佩斯将习惯问题置于当代心理学、神经科学、认知科学等学科的发展情境之下尝试对其加以重解和新探,强调了习惯之于理性选择的基础性意义。尽管其习惯理论尚需进一步的细化、深化,但在更深远的意义上,其独创性的研究无疑可为在当代科学与哲学语境下对许多传统哲学问题的重思提供一定的思维借鉴与理性指向。

“Habit”has important value and significance in human thought,cognition and behavior.The philosophical inquiries about habits have been around since ancient times.From the ancient Greece to the present,various interpretations of habit made by different scholars based on their own research purposes have laid a rich conceptual and methodological foundation for the formation and development of habit theory.Based on this,Suppes tried to reinterpret and explore the habit problem in terms of the development of contemporary psychology,neuroscience,cognitive science and other disciplines,emphasizing the fundamental significance of habit in rational choice.Although his habit theory needs further refinement and deepening,in a more profound sense,his original research can undoubtedly provide a certain way of thinking and rational orientation for the rethinking of many traditional philosophical issues in the context of contemporary science and philosophy.