中国大运河的名称变迁及其文化内涵的开放性研究

A Study on the Name Changes of the Grand Canal in China and the Openness of Its Cultural Connotation

通过探讨大运河名称的变迁,旨在论证大运河文化内涵的开放性。研究发现:该开放性一方面表现在大运河文化遗产的形态上,具体涵盖(1)仍在延用的浙东运河与京杭大运河的里运河和江南运河;(2)尚保留完整的断流河段如京杭大运河的北运河、南运河、鲁南运河及中运河;(3)淹埋或半淹埋的大运河遗址如隋唐大运河、京杭大运河的通惠河以及隋唐以前的邗沟、灵渠和汴河。另一方面,开放性也表现在文化内涵上,具体包含(1)技术上秦朝的"越岭有闸"运河,宋朝的"爬坡""过河"及"堵船"运河运营和管理难题,以及后代令世人赞叹的水利枢纽和关键技术工程。(2)制度上,"漕渠"代替"沟""渠""溪"等,标志着漕运已经成为当时国家制度体系的一部分。最后,贯穿中国东西南北,连通海陆丝路的大运河,在社会层面不但改变了沿线区域的行政区划和城市布局,也极大地推进了中国社会从农耕文明向工商文明迈进的步伐。

By discussing the name changes of the Grand Canal of China,this paper aims to demonstrate the openness of the cultural connotation of the Grand Canal.It is found that:in terms of the heritage forms,the openness covers:(1)the canal reaches that are still in use include the East Zhejiang Canal,the Inner Canal and the Jiangnan Canal of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal;(2)the intact cut-off reaches include the North Canal,the South Canal,the Lunan Canal and the Middle Canal of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal;and(3)the sites of the submerged or semi submerged Grand Canal include the Grand Canal of Sui and Tang Dynasties,the Tonghui river of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal,and the Sui and Tang Dynasties and Hangou,Lingqu and Bianhe in pre-Tang and–Sui Dynasties.In terms of cultural connotation,(1)there are the technical“crossing mountains and gates”canal of the Qin Dynasty,the“climbing”,“crossing rivers”and“blocking ships”problems of the canal conquered by Song Dynasty,as well as the water conservancy hub and key technical projects admired by the world.(2)In terms of the system,the“water transport of grain”replacing“ditch,“canal”and“stream”indicates that water transport had become a part of the national system at that time.Finally,the Grand Canal running through the East,West,North and South of China,connecting the Sea and Land Silk Roads,not only changed the administrative divisions and urban layout along the Grand Canal,but also greatly promoted the pace of Chinese society from agricultural civilization to industrial and commercial civilizations.