跨境数据流动:法律规制与中国方案

Cross border data flow:legal regulation and China's plan

数字经济催生了跨境数据流动的集聚化,在数据价值愈发凸显之时,数据泄露事件频频发生,数据主权与国家安全亦遭受挑战、面临风险。跨境数据流动需要加强数据国际治理,亦需要推动构建国际合作新秩序、新桥梁。文章以厘清跨境数据流动的理论为逻辑前提,从问题出发,分析了目前法律规制的现存困境,包括多重管辖权冲突加剧无秩序状态,缺乏兼容统一框架致使规制碎片化,各国规制目的不同导致政策差异化以及面临着覆盖数据全生命周期的监管瓶颈。以国际治理视域,提出符合中国国情的国际规制方案,包括数据主权共治、加强双边及多边合作、推动数字自由贸易区以及引入区块链技术实现全生命周期的保护和监管,以期助力跨境数据流动法律规制的实质化进展。

The digital economy has given birth to the aggregation of cross-border data flows.When the value of data becomes increasingly prominent,data leakage occurs frequently,and data sovereignty and national security are also challenged and faced with risks.Cross border data flows need to strengthen data international governance,and also need to promote the construction of a new order and bridge for international cooperation.After clarifying the concept and elements of cross-border legal flow,this paper further analyzes the practical necessity for countries to adopt cross-border data flow regulation.With the help of the problem consciousness,this paper analyzes the existing difficulties of the current legal regulation,including the aggravation of the disordered state by the conflict of multiple jurisdiction,the fragmentation of the regulation caused by the lack of a compatible and unified framework,the policy differentiation caused by the different regulatory purposes of various countries and the bottleneck of the supervision covering the whole life cycle of data.This paper puts forward international regulatory programs in line with China's national conditions from the perspective of international governance,including the co governance of data sovereignty,the strengthening of bilateral and multilateral cooperation,the promotion of digital free trade areas and the introduction of block chain technology to achieve the full life cycle of protection and supervision,with a view to helping the cross-border data flow laws and regulations The substantial progress of the system.