不同生物质炭对污灌区土壤铜形态及玉米吸收转运富集的影响

Effects of Different Biochar on Copper Forms in Soil and Absorption and Transfer Enrichment of Corn in Sewage Irrigation Area

【目的】研究菌糠生物质炭对污灌区土壤重金属铜形态及玉米吸收转运富集的影响,横向比较3种菌糠生物质炭和玉米秸秆生物质炭及水稻稻壳生物质炭对其效果的优劣。【方法】通过盆栽试验,对施用5种生物质炭的山西某污灌区土壤中重金属铜形态及玉米各部位重金属铜含量和玉米各部位对重金属铜元素转运及富集系数进行分析。【结果】5种不同生物质质炭处理土壤中可交换态铜含量均低于空白对照,其中灵芝菌糠生物质炭处理土壤中可交换态铜含量最低,为1.005 mg/kg,比空白对照降低31.4%;土壤中碳酸盐结合态铜含量比空白对照均为减少,猴头菇菌糠生物质炭处理土壤中碳酸盐结合态铜含量减少量最多,数值降到5.91 mg/kg,比空白对照降低40.65%;除了猴头菇菌糠生物质炭处理土壤中铁锰氧化物结合态铜含量比空白对照升高2.25%之外,其余4种处理土壤中铁锰氧化物结合态铜含量均有所下降;有机结合态铜含量变化不一致,残渣态铜含量比空白对照均有所上升,上升最多的是猴头菇菌糠生物质炭处理的土壤,含量为104.55 mg/kg,比空白对照增加15.76%;各处理之间玉米对铜元素的转运系数均小于1,不同处理玉米对铜的富集系数变化均不统一。【结论】5种不同生物质炭均可以增加土壤中非活性态重金属铜含量,并降低活性态铜含量,为有效利用生物质炭、降低重金属污染土壤中铜的有效性提供一定的科学依据。

【Objective】The effects of biochar from mushroom bran on the forms of heavy metal copper and the absorption and transfer enrichment of corn in sewage irrigation area were studied,and horizontal comparison was conducted on the effects of three kinds of mushroom bran biochar,corn stalk biochar and rice husk biochar.【Method】The forms of heavy metal copper,the heavy metal contents of various parts of corn and the transfer and enrichment coefficients of different parts of the corn to heavy metal copper were analyzed by the application of five kinds of biochar in the soil of a sewage irrigation area in Shanxi through pot experiment.【Result】Under five different biochar treatments,the exchangeable copper content in the soil was lower than that of the blank control.Among them,the EXC-Cu content in the soil was the lowest under LC treatment,which was 1.005 mg/kg,31.4%lower than the blank control.The CA-Cu content in the soil of all treatments was reduced compared with that of the blank control.Under the HC treatment,the reduction of CA-Cu content was the maximum and the value reduced to 5.91 mg/kg,which was reduced by 40.65%compared with that of the blank control.Except that the R2O3-Cu content under HC treatment increased by 2.25%compared with the blank control,R2O3-Cu content in soil of the other four treatments decreased slightly.OM-Cu content changed inconsistently.RES-Cu content of all treatments was increased compared with that of the blank control.Under the HC treatment,the increase of RES-Cu content was the maximum,which was 104.55 mg/kg,15.76%higher than that of the blank control.The transfer coefficients of corn to copper under various treatments were all less than 1,while the enrichment coefficients changed differently.【Conclusion】All of the five different biochar could increase the inactive Cu content and decrease the active Cu content in the soil,which provided some scientific basis for the effective utilization of biochar and the decrease of the effectiveness of Cu content in the heavy metal contaminated soil.