基于GIS的气象要素插值方法比较研究

Comparative Study of Interpolation Methods of Meteorological Factors Based on GIS

气温是重要的气象要素之一,空间插值为离散的气温数据转换为连续的空间曲面提供了有效方法,从而可以提供每个栅格上的气温要素资料。本研究在ArcGIS软件支持下,分别利用反距离权重法、张力样条函数法和普通克里格插值法对2010年全国660个气象台站观测的年平均气温进行空间插值,并利用交叉验证法对插值精度进行了验证。结果表明:既考虑了距离又考虑了已知样本点空间位置及与待插值点的空间方位关系的普通克里格插值精度明显优于反距离权重法和张力样条函数插值法。本研究结果对全国气象要素的空间插值应用具有一定参考意义。

Air temperature is one of the important meteorological factors.Spatial interpolation provides an effective method of converting discrete temperature data to continuous spatial surface,and provides information about the temperature factors of each grid.Under the support of ArcGIS software,the research interpolated the annual average temperature about 2010 collecting from 660 meteorological stations in China utilizing inverse distance weighted method,tension spline function and ordinary Kriging interpolation method and validated the precision of interpolation through cross validation method.The results showed that the interpolation accuracy of ordinary Kriging method,which takes into account the distance and spatial direction relationship between sample point and interpolated point and spatial location of interpolated point,is better than inverse distance weighting method and the tension spline function interpolation method.The findings can provide certain reference in some extent for the application about spatial interpolation of meteorological elements in China.