河流水体污染空间分布及污染源解析——以浑河沈阳段为例

Spatial Distribution and Pollution Source Apportionment of River Pollutants--A Case Study of Hun River in Shenyang

采用内梅罗水质评价法、数理统计法以及因子分析等方法,对沈阳市境内浑河干流3个断面2017~2018年上半年水质监测数据进行分析,得到3个断面的水质综合评价结果、描述性统计特征及时空变化特征,在此基础上对该河流污染源进行解析。结果表明:空间上,从上游到下游3个断面水质总体为由差变好再变差;时间上,从2017~2018年上半年沈阳市境内浑河干流各断面水质均呈现恶化的趋势,其中东陵大桥和于家房断面水质恶化趋势更明显;浑河干流污染严重的因子主要有3项分别为COD、氨氮和TP,尤其在于家房断面,以上3项指标均已达到劣V类标准;浑河干流污染源主要为上游抚顺段排入浑河的"三产"废水、浑河沿岸农业面源污染以及沈阳市本地生活和工业污水处理厂产生的尾水。

Using Nemero water quality assessment,mathematical statistics and factor analysis methods,the water quality monitoring data at three sections of the main stream of the Hun River in Shenyang from 2017 to the first half of 2018 were analyzed.The comprehensive evaluation results,the descriptive statistical characteristics and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics were obtained.According to the characteristics,the river pollution sources were analyzed.The results showed that,from the upstream to the downstream,the water quality became better following a worse situation in general.From 2017 to the first half of 2018,the water quality in all sections of the main stream of the Hun River in Shenyang appeared deterioration.The deterioration status of both the Dongling Bridge section and the Yujiafang section was more obvious.There were three major factors causing the serious pollution of the main stream of the Hun River,which were COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.Especially in the Yujiafang section,all the above three indicators were the inferior V standard.The major pollution sources of the main stream of the Hun River were the“three productions”wastewater discharged in the upstream Fushun section,and the agricultural non-point source pollution along the Hun River,as well as the tail water discharged from the local municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants.