清代民国时期辽宁锡伯族的文化变迁

Analysis of Liaoning Xibe Ethnic Group’s Cultural Changes during Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

南迁是影响锡伯族民族发展走向的历史事件,锡伯人南迁到盛京(今沈阳)及周边等地定居。在清政府开发东北边疆的政策推动下,辽沈地区的生态环境和社会环境发生了很大变化,也使得在此定居的锡伯人不断对生计模式和文化风俗进行调适,试图与周围的生态环境和社会环境发生良性互动,维持族群的可持续发展。海尔堪玛法民间信俗和“抹黑节”作为锡伯人早期发展形成的族群文化,在与南迁后变迁的周遭环境和生计模式的几度调适中不断变迁。

The migration southward is an important event in the history of Xibe National Minority,Xibe ethnic group moved to Shengjing(now Shenyang)and around Shengjing to settle down.In the Qing Dynasty,with the government’s policy of the development in northeast border area,the ecological environment and social environment changed greatlyin Liaoning area,which also made Xibe ethnic group adjusted their livelihood mode and cultural customs constantly,who attempt to interact with the surrounding ecological environment and social environment in order to maintain the sustainable development of ethnic groups.As the cultural custom of Xibe ethnic group in their early development,Haierkan Marfa folk belief and custom,Smear Festival,constantly changed and disappeared in several adjustments to the changing environment and livelihood mode after the migration southward.