31例新型冠状病毒感染病例咽拭子与痰标本病毒核酸检测的比较

Comparison of throat swab and sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection in 31 cases of 2019-nCoV infection

目的比较新型冠状病毒病例咽拭子标本与痰标本的病毒核酸检测结果。方法对31例新型冠状病毒确诊病例的咽拭子与痰标本分别进行病毒ORF1ab基因、N基因及人体上皮细胞(ribonucleoprotein,RNP)基因(试剂内标基因)RT-PCR核酸检测与比较。结果 31例病例的咽拭子和痰标本中,人体上皮细胞RNP基因均呈现明显典型的扩增信号曲线;病毒ORF1ab基因、N基因的检测结果:31例患者的咽拭子核酸结果中,28例患者均显示阴性,第9例和第16例患者的咽拭子为单基因阳性,第17例为双基因阳性;同时采集的痰标本结果显示,18例患者均为单基因阳性,13例患者为双基因阳性。痰标本的病毒ORF1ab基因和N基因核酸检测扩增曲线的Ct值小于咽拭子标本的Ct值。结论在开展新型冠状病毒实验室核酸检测中,痰标本的病毒含量高于咽拭子标本,其检测效果优于咽拭子标本,更能准确体现患者病情。

Objective To comparatively analyze the detection efficiency of viral nucleic acid in throat swab and sputum sample of 2019-novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)cases.Methods Ribonucleoprotein(RNP)gene in human epithelial cells,viral ORF 1 ab genes and N genes were tested and compared with real-time PCR in throat swabs and sputum specimens from 31 confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV.Results In the throat swabs and sputum samples of 31 cases,the RNP gene of human epithelial cells showed obvious and typical amplification signal curves.In the detection of viral ORF1ab gene and N gene,the amplification signal of sputum samples was stronger than that of throat swab,and the cycle threshold(Ct)value of amplification curve was lower than that of throat swab,especially in case 9 and 16 were single gene positive,the pharyngeal swabs of the 9th and 16th patients were single gene positive,and the 17th patient was double gene positive,and the rest of the 28 patients were negative.Sputum specimens collected at the same time showed that all the 18 patients were single gene positive and 13 were double gene positive.Conclusion In the viral nucleic acid testing of 2019-nCoV laboratory detection,the virus content in sputum specimens was higher than that in throat swab specimens,and the detection efficiency was higher than that in throat swab specimens.