马来西亚华语语法的三维分析框架--以有标差比句为例

A 3D Model for Malaysian Chinese Grammar:Taking the Marked Comparative Structure as An Example

本文以有标差比句为例,提出分析马来西亚华语语法的三维分析框架。文章借助语料库,分析了马来西亚华语的三类有标差比句:"较"字句、"比"字句、"过"字句。本文主张从历时-共时、书面语-口语、共同语-方言三个维度分析马来西亚华语语法,指出"较"字句承继了早期国语的用法,"比"字句可用在书面语与口语,"过"字句源自粤方言并部分复制了方言语法功能。基于有标差比句的分析,我们认为马来西亚华语与港式中文、台湾国语、新加坡华语等华语变体同中有异,具有独特的研究价值。

In this paper,a three-dimensional model for analyzing Malaysian Chinese grammar is proposed by using the marked comparative structure as an example.Making use of various corpora,this article analyzes three types of comparative structure in Malaysian Chinese:“jiao(较)”structure,“bi(比)”structure,and“guo(过)”structure.This article advocates that the analysis of Malaysian Chinese grammar should be carried out from three dimensions:diachronic-synchronous,writ⁃ten-spoken,and lingua franca-dialect.It is pointed out that the“jiao”type inherits the usage of the earlier Mandarin and that the“guo”type,derived from the Cantonese dialect,partially copies the grammatical functions of Cantonese.Based on the analysis of marked comparative structures,we believe that Malaysian Chinese is different from Hong Kong-style Chinese,Taiwan Residents Mandarin,and Singaporean Chinese,and has its unique research value.