日本民法评注的方法论演变与结构内容

The Methodological Evolution and Structural Content of Commentary on Japanese Civil Code

我国民法典编纂工作已进入最后阶段。民法典草案通过后,我国也将如其他欧陆法前辈一样进入民法典评注的时代。但民法评注工作并非一蹴而就,其内容构成不是对抽象法概念进行解释的简单集合。事实上,对于民法评注,特别是法继受国的民法评注来说,如何在本国社会现实的基础上重新构建舶来的法概念,是评注作品是否成熟的重要标准之一。如作为法继受国的日本,其自明治维新以来一方面吸收先进国家的经验起草现代化的民法典,另一方面则同步地展开了民法典评注工作。其间,日本民法评注的方法论历经几个时代多次演变,终于形成了立足本土"活着的法"的独特风格。相信同样作为法继受国,日本的经验也会给我国的民法评注工作带来一定的启示。

law concept.Actually,as a commentary,especially the one on civil code which transplanted from foreign law,one of the factors to evaluate its achevement,is how to reconsider the transplanted legal concept in the context of local society.In Japan,the civil code is transplanted from Roman law,since the Meiji Restoration,a modern civil code was drafted based on Western experience,in the meanwhile,the commentary project was initated.During this period,the methodology of commentary on Japanese Civil Code has gone through several stages,and eventually turned into a unique style based on domestic“existing law”.As the civil code of China with the root of Roman Law,the Japanese experience shall bring inspiration to the commentary project in China.