公益诉讼检察官的法律定位及司法原则探析

Research on the Legal Position and Judicial Principle of Public Interest Litigation Prosecutor

检察机关新增民事和行政公益诉讼的法定职权后,检察官开展公益诉讼活动、履行公益诉讼法定职责在法律地位、职能等方面有了新的变化。检察官客观义务原则在公益诉讼中会增加更多的积极性、便宜主义考量,甚至在诉讼程序中,原本应当由检察官担负的职责与义务,也将因"两造"当事人法律关系之地位不同于刑事公诉而消解和转换,具有积极介入主义、调查主动主义、诉讼对等主义等特点。鉴于公共利益毕竟不同于国家利益,前者社会性甚或私人性色彩更重,检察官在启动和实施公益诉讼的非诉和诉讼程序时,应秉持后续替补性原则、谦抑审慎性原则并追求效益优先,以避免检察官过于介入日常的行政监管主责领域和市场自治活动而偏离检察权之本相。

After the procuratorial organs added legal powers for civil and administrative public interest litigation,to carry out public interest litigation activities and perform the legal duties,prosecutors have made new changes in its functions.Due to the prosecutor's objective obligation principle,in public interest litigation,more activism and convenience shall be added up.In the process of litigation,the duties and obligations bear by the prosecutors would be dissolved as the legal status of the plaintiff and defendant being changed,and new elements would resemble the prosecutors'duties and transform it into a more actively role.As the public interest is different from the national interest,it involves more with the social sectors and private sectors.In order to inappropriately step into the administration issue and economical activities,in the litigation process,the prosecutors shall put the efficiency as the priority and refrain its discretion on judicial power.