基层社区协同治理机制的借鉴与思考——基于日本丰田市社会调研的分析

Enlightenment of Constructing Collaborative Governance Mechanism in Grassroots Communities——An Analysis Based on Social Survey of Toyota City,Japan

伴随着社会治理理论的深化,协同治理理论被广泛应用于各国的社会治理实践。促进多元主体的合作成为基层社区治理研究的重要课题。日本在多年的社区治理改革中,通过公共意识的发展,居民自治能力的提升,社区营造活动,形成了社区自治的基础,使市民自治团体、非营利组织与政府的关系,从诉求和对抗发展到合作与协商,促进了社区公共问题的解决,形成了多元主体之间协同互动的治理形态。丰田市基于丰富的财政资源建构的社区内部和外部协同治理机制,对于提升居民的社区参与意识和参与能力,促进多元主体的合作与协同具有非常重要的借鉴价值。因此梳理和分析日本社区协同治理机制有助于反思中国社会治理中的问题,促进居民社会参与和多元主体“共建共治共享”的社会治理新格局的形成。

With the deepening of social governance theory,the collaborative governance theory is widely used in the governance practice of various countries.Promoting the cooperation and collaboration among multiple subjects has become an important topic in the research on grassroots community governance.Neighboring Japan,over the years of community governance reforms,the development of public awareness,the improvement of residents’self-government ability and community construction has formed together the basis of community autonomy,and pushed the relationship between citizen autonomous groups,non-profit organizations,and the government to develop from the confrontation to cooperation and negotiation,which has promoted the settlement of public issues in the community and formed a governance pattern of negotiation and interaction among multiple subjects.The internal and external collaborative governance mechanism of Toyota City based on rich financial resources is of great reference value for enhancing residents’awareness of community participation and promoting ability to participate.Therefore,combing and analyzing the Japanese community’s collaborative governance mechanism is helpful to reflect on the problems of Chinese social reform,and promote the social participation of residents and a new pattern of social governance of“co-construction,co-governance and sharing”among multiple subjects.