《金枝》中的过渡礼仪与国王形象探析

Transitional Ritual and King Image in Golden Bough

早期巫术仪式的主要目的是帮助完成具体社会生产实践的顺利过渡,由衰到荣、从无到有的过程也是原始初民情感态度、心理信仰的直接反应。在弗雷泽代表作《金枝》里,巫术仪式成为国王多重身份转换的重要媒介,除担任国王身份阶段性的节点外,这类过渡礼仪也与早期初民关乎政权、禁忌、生死的思量关联。与此同时,过渡仪式更是“人——王——神”空间体系的维稳手段。任何人与物成长发展过程中所不可避免的变动为过渡礼仪提供了存在依据,反之,一系列以巫术为基础的过渡礼仪也通过可视化视觉呈现佐证早期社会的原生态意识。

The main purpose of early sorcery ritual was to help complete the smooth transition of concrete social production practice.It directly reflects the feelings,attitude,psychology and belief of the ancient people.In Golden Bough,the sorcery ritual becomes an important medium for the transformation of the king’s multiple identities.Serving as the node of the king’s identity in stages,the transitional ritual is also associated with the early people’s thoughts on the regime,taboos and life and death.Meanwhile,the transitional ritual is the means of maintaining the stability of the space system of“Man-King-God”.The inevitable changes in the growth and development of people and things provide the existence basis for transitional ritual.On the contrary,a series of transitional rituals based on sorcery also prove the original ecological consciousness of early society through visual presentation.