白木乌桕与乌桕种子形态及种子油含量和成分的比较研究

Comparative Study on Morphology,Oil Content and components of Sapium japonicum and sapium sebiferum Seeds

以青岛产的白木乌桕(Sapium japonicum)与乌桕(Sapium sebiferum)种子为材料,研究了种子的形态特征,利用索氏提取法提取种子中的油,并利用GC-MS技术进行了油中的成分分析。结果表明,白木乌桕种子没有假种皮,乌桕种子表面有假种皮;白木乌桕种子千粒重为161.35 g,乌桕种子千粒重为192.95 g;白木乌桕种子近球形,长度、宽度及厚度值相近,乌桕种子略长,为椭球形。两种种子油中均以甲酯为主,白木乌桕种子含油率为40.43%,其中有45种化学成分,含量最高的是棕榈酸甲酯,相对百分比含量是41.50%,而乌桕种子含油率为37.43%,其中有60种化学成分,含量最高的是亚油酸甲酯,相对百分含量为46.34%。

In this study,seeds of Sapium japonicum and Sapium sebiferum in Qingdao were used as materials.The morphological characteristics of them were compared.The seed oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method,and the components in the oil were analyzed by GC-MS.Results showed that there was aril on the surface of seeds of S.sebiferum,but none on S.japonicum.The thousand-seed weight of S.japonicum seeds was 161.35 g,and that of S.sebiferum seeds was 192.95 g.The seeds of S.japonicum were nearly spherical with similar length,width and thickness,while S.sebiferum seeds were slightly long and ellipsoid.Methyl ester was the main component in two kinds of seed oil.The oil content of S.japonicum seeds was 40.43%.There were 45 chemical constituents in the oil.Among them,Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester was the highest,which relative percentage was 41.50%.The oil content of S.sebiferum seeds was 37.43%and 60 chemical constituents were found in the oil.Among them,9-Octadecenoic acid,methyl ester,(E)-was the highest,which relative percentage was 46.34%.