含夹层或软弱破碎带难采矿体协同开采技术研究

Study on Synergetic Mining Technology of Difficultly Mined Orebody with Interlayer and Weak Broken Zone

含夹层或软弱破碎带矿体开采一直是矿业界难题。现阶段针对此类矿体,一般是对矿体上下盘采用不同的采矿方法进行适应性开采,但大部分矿山受地质特征、作业安全、采矿成本等因素制约,通常采用采易弃难的回采方式,造成了矿产资源的永久损失。以“协同开采”理念为指导,提出了一种含夹层或软弱破碎带难采矿体协同开采技术,即预先回采夹层或软弱破碎带,实现回采工序协同作业以及地压协同管理,从源头上解除安全隐患,为后续矿体开采创造安全的技术条件,最大化发挥协同开采的技术价值。以国内某磷矿与某铜多金属矿为例,针对其特定的开采技术条件,以夹层剔除与切割槽作业协同实施为核心,制定了矿体内含不同厚度夹层与上下盘矿体的协同开采方案;同时基于地压协同或环境再造理念,发展了一种软弱破碎氧化带矿体协同开采方法,实现了软弱破碎氧化带矿体的安全高效回采。所提出的协同开采方案为国内类似矿体开采提供了技术参考,在一定程度上提升了“协同开采”理念在类似复杂难采矿体开采中的实践指导价值。

The mining technology of orebody with interlayer or broken zone has always been a critical problem in mining industry.Aiming at the above orebody with interlayer or broken zone,different mining methods are adopted to carry out adaptive mining on upside and downside deposit.However,restricted by geologic characteristics,operation safety and mining cost,the method of mining simple orebody and giving up complicated orebody is usually adopted,which caused a permanent loss of mineral resources.In this paper,guided by the concept of"synergetic mining",the synergetic mining technology of complicated difficulty mined orebody with interlayer or weak broken zone is proposed.According to the basic principal of the mining technology,the mining operation of interlayer or weak broken zone can be done firstly,so,the security risks can be removed fundamentally and the goal of the synergetic operation of mining process and synergetic management of ground pressure can be realized,besides that,the technical benefits of synergetic mining can be maximized.Taking a phosphorite mine and a copper polymetallic mine for the study examples,according to the specific mining technical conditions of them,the synergetic mining scheme of interlayer removal and groove cutting with different thickness of interlayer and upside and downside deposit is proposed.At the same time,based on the idea of pressure synergy or environmental regeneration,a synergetic mining scheme of weak broken oxidation zone is developed to improve recovery efficiency and security.The proposed synergetic mining schemes in this paper can provide technical reference for the mining operation of similar orebodies in our country,besides that,the practice guidance value of"synergetic mining"concept in the mining operation of similar complex difficult mined orebodies is enhanced to some extent.