基于“协同开采”理念的深部磷矿岩爆防控研究

Study on the Rockburst Prevention and Control of Deep Phosphate Mine Based on the Concept of"Synergetic Mining"

随着浅层磷资源的逐步枯竭,磷矿山企业逐步转向深部开采,然而深部磷矿开采中的岩爆灾害突出,对井下人员和设备造成了严重的安全隐患。以某磷矿深部开采中呈现的岩爆现象为例,结合工程开挖环境与开挖工况,引入“协同开采”理念,从应力转移、应力防控和岩性改善的角度对深部磷矿岩爆防控进行了研究。结果表明,①井下岩爆主要表现为开拓巷道掌子面附近的即时型岩爆和巷道交叉处及采区矿柱中上部的滞后型岩爆;②对采场切割巷道掌子面附近采取“品”字形错位布置和泄压挂网的主动防护方式,可有效降低岩爆产生烈度和岩爆发生次数,并对岩爆瞬间飞溅碎屑进行阻拦;③通过优化矿区尺寸,采用间隔错位开采方式优化回采工艺,并进行采区充填,可有效降低开挖引起的采区应力集中程度,从而在控制工程成本的同时降低作业现场安全隐患程度。基于“协同开采”理念的深部磷矿岩爆防控思路的提出,对于确保磷矿深部安全高效开采具有一定的借鉴意义。

With the gradual depletion of shallow phosphorus resources,phosphorus mining enterprises turn to deep mining gradually.However,the rockburst phenomenon in deep phosphorus mining is prominent,which causes serious security risks to underground personnel and equipment.In this paper,taking the rockburst characteristics in the deep mining of a phosphate mine as an example,combined with the engineering excavation environment and excavation conditions,the concept of"synergetic mining"is introduced to study the rockburst prevention and control of deep phosphate mine from the perspective of stress transfer,stress prevention and control and improvement of lithology.The results show that:①the rockburst in underground mainly includes the immediate rockburst near the face of the opening roadway,the lag rockburst at the intersection of the roadway and the middle and upper part of the pillar in the mining area;②by adopting the method of"pin"shape dislocation arrangement and active protection of pressure relief hanging net near the face of cutting roadway in the stope,the intensity and frequency of rock burst can be effectively reduced,and the splash debris produced by rock burst can be blocked;③by optimizing the size of the mining area,choosing the method of interval dislocation mining,optimizing the mining technology,and filling the mining area,the stress concentration degree of the mining area caused by excavation can be effectively reduced,so as to reduce the potential safety hazard of the operation site while controlling the engineering cost.Based on the concept of"synergetic mining",this study puts forward the idea of rock burst prevention and control of deep phosphate rock,which can provide certain reference for ensuring safe and efficient mining of deep phosphate mine.