微生物在矿物浮选中的应用及作用机理研究进展

Application of Microorganisms to Control Flotation Behavior of Minerals and Its Mechanisms:A Review

生物浮选是利用微生物及其代谢产物,选择性调控矿物表面物理化学性质,使有用矿物与脉石矿物浮选分离的一种选矿方法。从浮选微生物的种类、微生物与矿物相互作用的机理以及微生物在有色金属、铁矿和煤炭浮选中的应用等方面总结了近年来微生物在浮选中应用方面的研究工作,重点从微生物与矿物的吸附、矿物表面化学反应和微生物细胞表面化学等方面来阐述微生物对改变矿物表面性质的影响机制。指出所报道的生物浮选多是根据经验发展起来的,或侧重于特定的生物方面,或侧重于浮选指标。尽管在润湿性、动电位、红外光谱、基于DLVO理论的计算等一些矿物表面性质表征上已有一定的积累,但关于生物、浮选药剂及矿物三者之间交互作用的理解仍然是不清楚的。针对微生物和矿石种类的多样性,基于知识的设计、调控微生物-矿物界面行为来解决浮选过程中的问题,或将是未来的努力方向。

Bioflotation,as a method to separate useful minerals from gangue minerals,uses microorganisms and their metabolites to selectively regulate the physical and chemical properties of mineral surfaces.Application of microorganisms to control flotation behavior research works both at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed on the aspects of the types of microorganisms relevant for flotation,the interaction mechanism between microorganism and minerals.The application of microorganism in flotations of nonferrous metal ore,iron ore and also the removal of sulfur from coal,especially,the mechanism of surface property control of minerals is discussed from the microorganism-minerals adsorption,chemical reactions on minerals surface and surface chemistry on microbial cell.It was pointed out that most of the published reports are based on experience,either focusing on specific biological aspects or focusing on flotation indicators.Although some accumulation has been made in the characterization of mineral surface properties,such as wettability,kinetic potential,infrared spectroscopy and calculation based on DLVO theory,the understanding of the interaction between biology,flotation agents and minerals is still unclear.In view of the diversity of microorganism and ore species,it will be the direction of future efforts to design and regulate the microbe-mineral interface behavior based on knowledge to solve the given problems in the flotation process.