知识与自由关系的伦理反思

Ethical Reflection on the Relationship between Knowledge and Freedom

知识-信息社会在增进人们的自由能力的同时,也产生了一些对人的自由构成严峻挑战的现象:有些知识能够造成限制与损害人的自由发展空间乃至毁灭整个人类的严重后果;有些知识可以被少数精英有意垄断和肆意利用,成为支配和控制广大受众的重要工具。同时,人的主观世界与客观世界的高度复杂性,导致行为主体很难达到对全面的、整体性的知识的掌控,从而不可避免地处于无知的常态化状态,因此,其自由自主的决断能力也就大大受限。从这个意义上讲,作为决断之基础与依靠的知识-信息拥有权,就构成新一代人权诉求的努力方向。人们唯有尽最大可能地拥有掌握客观与主观世界真实和全面的知识-信息这样一种能力,自由才可以预期。

The knowledge-information society not only enhances people’s freedom ability,but also produces some serious challenges to human freedom:some knowledge can limit and damage people’s free development space,and even destroy the whole human being;some knowledge can be intentionally monopolized and arbitrarily used by a few elites,and become an important tool to dominate and control the vast audience.At the same time,the high complexity of human’s subjective world and objective world makes it difficult for the subject to control the comprehensive and holistic knowledge,so it is inevitable to be in the normal state of ignorance.Therefore,its ability of free and independent decision-making is greatly limited In this sense,the knowledge-information ownership as basis and dependency of decison making,has become the direction of the new generation of human rights.Only when people win the ability to master the real and comprehensive knowledge-information of the objective and subjective world as much as possible,can their freedom be expected.