“公”“私”相对性与“元私”的本质--以犬儒第欧根尼的行为为例

Public-Private Relativity and the Essence of"Elementary Private":Cynicism Diogenēs’Acts as an Example

在公共哲学的探索中,必然会涉及"公"与"私"的两个核心概念,然而人们却毫无反思地使用着这两个概念,基本上不再进一步探讨"公""私"的明确界限是什么的问题。虽然学界注意到"公""私"区分的相对性特征(确实,"公"作为"私"的扩大,一般不存在理解上的障碍),但对于最小单位的"私"("元私")究竟何以可能,却从来没有人进行过哲学意义上的探索。针对这个问题,犬儒第欧根尼的"广场自慰"与"广场宣讲"行为,可以揭示作为"元私"所具有的"拒绝对自性的绝对即自性状态"与"超越即自且对自的自足性"的本质内涵,通过对两种行为之间所存在的矛盾以及如何得以自恰的分析,可以阐明人之为人活着,其作为"元私"存在之可能与不可能之间的确立与运动的哲学问题。

In the exploration of public philosophy,the key concepts of"public"and"private"are necessarily involved while people are using these concepts without consideration or definition of the boundary of"public"and"private".The academia are noting the relative feature of the distinction of"public"and"private","public"as the enlargement of"private"is agreed.However,the smallest unit of"private"may have never been discussed philosophically.This article reveals the smallest category of"public"with conflictive and self-consistent analyst of cynicism Diogenēs’contradictory acts of"square masturbation"and"square speech"——the feature and possible existence of"elementary private"and expresses that the existence of"elementary private"is moving between possibility and impossibility to live as human and introduce a philosophical issue to the exploration of"publicness"of public philosophy.