典范政治与西汉皇权--以父慈子孝政治思维为视角

Model Politics and Imperial Power of the Western Han Dynasty——On the Political Thinking of Kindly Father and Filial Son

汉代倡导孝治,作为一国之尊的皇帝皆以保民爱民的"民之父母"身份君临天下,发布诏令。他们同时也是得到天命的"天子",被天下臣民尊奉为"天下家长",成为天下人心目中敬仰、效法及尽孝的君父和典范形象,这在朝臣的上疏进谏中多有体现,由此形成了西汉天人关系架构下父慈子孝的政治思维和皇权政治模式。西汉中后期,随着社会积弊的日益深化,皇帝作为天下君父之典范形象发生动摇。在朝臣上疏谏诤的话语中,深刻体现了父慈子孝政治思维影响下所派生出的以典范与失范为重要评价标准的皇权认同。西汉臣民对皇权尽孝的条件等涉及君臣关系、君民关系的问题也依托父慈子孝的政治思维而建立起来。西汉皇权就在这样的政治思维作用下不断消长沉浮。

In the Han Dynasty,the emperors advocated the idea of filial piety,they issued edicts and demonstrated that they were parents of people,ruling their empire by caring for people.They were also portrayed as the Son of Heaven and respected parent in many ministers’admonitions In the framework of heaven-man relationship,the political thinking of kindly father and filial son and the political mode of imperial power were formed.The moral image of the emperors was ruined by their corrupt ruling in the mid-late Western Han Dynasty.Model and anomie became important criterion of imperial power.The conditions of filial piety to the imperial power were all established on the basis of the political thinking of kindly father and filial son,which influenced the rise and fall of imperial power in the Western Han Dynasty.