论南非种族隔离的城市制度解体(1979-1991)

On the Decline of Urban Apartheid in South Africa(1979-1991)

20世纪后半期南非城市化显示出工业化滞后于城市化的特点,在世界城市发展史中比较罕见。种族隔离的城市制度造成这一特点。该制度以种族不平等的原则制定出人口控制、空间控制和自我控制等三个方面的体制。人口控制的消亡使得种族隔离的城市制度丧失了经济基础,难以再限制已掌握技术和文化的黑人的力量增长。空间控制的失败导致黑人政治组织力的加强。吝啬使用财政手段、虚伪地采用吸取政治合法性的手段和过于依赖暴力维持的手段维系局面终究无法挽救自我控制机制的衰败。城居黑人的起义随之而来,种族隔离的城市制度瓦解了。经济因素无疑起到基础性作用,但政治因素才是给予种族隔离的城市制度的最后一击。

In the second half of the 20 th century,the urbanization of South Africa showed the characteristics of industrialization lagging behind urbanization,which is rare in the world urban development history.The Urban Apartheid gave rise to this characteristic.Based on the principle of racial inequality,the system formulated three systems:population control,space control and self control.The demise of population control deprived the Urban Apartheid of its economic foundation and made it difficult to limit the growth of the skilled and educated black power.The failure of space control led to the strengthening of black political organization.Stingy use of financial means,hypocritical use of political legitimacy and excessive reliance on violence to maintain the situation can not save the decline of the self-control mechanism.With the uprising of the urban blacks,the Urban Apartheid collapsed.Economic factors undoubtedly played a fundamental role,but it was political factors that dealt the last blow to the Urban Apartheid.