新高考改革对大学新生学业适应的影响:抑制还是增强?

The Influence of the College Entrance Examination Reform on Freshman’s Academic Adaptation:Inhibition or Promotion?

从2014年开始试点实施的新一轮高考改革旨在深化高中素质教育,重塑学生高中阶段的学业经历,以期实现高中教育与大学教育之间的有效衔接。在升入高等院校之后,这些经历过首轮新高考改革的学生在入学后的学业适应状况如何?其新生阶段学业表现及专业兴趣是否优于尚处于传统高考模式之下的其他区域的升学者?为回应上述问题,本文基于全国高校教学质量与学生发展调查数据及访谈资料,使用双重差分倾向得分匹配方法(PSM-DID)探究新高考改革对大学新生学业适应的影响效应,评估新高考改革的政策成效。我们研究发现,受走班制、选考制等对学生高中学业基础的影响,新高考改革使得大学新生的学业表现略有下滑。但令人欣慰的是,随着生涯规划教育在高中阶段的强化,新高考改革显著提升了大学新生对就读专业的兴趣。此外,新高考改革对大学新生学业适应的影响具有异质性,对于来自教育资源薄弱区域的大学新生而言,其学业适应下滑更为明显。

In 2014,the Chinese government initiated the college entrance examination reform(CEE reform).Aiming at promoting student’s transition from high school to college,the CEE reform tries to reconstruct high school students’academic experience and strengthen competency-based education.Based on the national college student development survey data,this paper examines the impact of the CEE reform on freshmen's academic adaptation using PSM-DID method.The data analysis found that the academic performance of the freshmen from Zhejiang and Shanghai has slightly declined due to the impact of the CEE reform on their academic foundation in high schools.With the strengthening of career education in the high school,the CEE reform has significantly improved the interest-major congruence of freshmen.In addition,the impact of the CEE reform on freshmen's academic adaptation is heterogeneous.For freshmen from rural areas with weak educational resources,the decline of their academic adaptation is more significant compared to their counterparts.