论普通幼儿对特殊幼儿接纳态度的影响因素--来自融合幼儿园教师及幼儿的声音

Influencing Factors of Normal Children’s Acceptance Attitude Towards Special Needs Children——Voices from Preschool Teachers and Children in an Inclusion Kindergarten

为深入探究普通幼儿对特殊幼儿接纳态度的影响因素,通过对3位融合幼儿园教师和2名融合班级幼儿进行深度访谈,并运用扎根理论对访谈资料进行整理分析,结果发现普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的接纳态度受到直接和间接双方面因素影响。直接影响因素由普通幼儿对特殊幼儿认知理解及幼儿自身特征品质两方面构成;间接影响因素由家庭教育方式、教师接纳程度、社会资源支持三方面构成。为了提升普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的接纳态度,特建议:国家加大经费投入力度,完善康复设施配备;社会提高宣传力度并建立早期融合教育区域联盟,实现资源共享;家庭注重教育方式,创设有爱的家庭氛围,培养幼儿亲社会能力;幼儿教师提升专业化水平,采用多种干预方式合理引导。

In order to deeply explore the influencing factors of normal children’s acceptance attitude towards special needs children,an in-depth interview with 3 preschool teachers and 2 children in an inclusion kindergarten class was conducted and the collected data was analyzed based on Grounded theory.The results show that normal children’s acceptance attitude towards special needs children are affected by direct and indirect factors.The direct influencing factors are composed of two aspects:normal children’s cognitive understanding of special needs children and their own characteristics and qualities;the indirect influencing factors consist of three aspects:family education methods,teachers’acceptance degree and social resources support.In order to improve normal children’s acceptance attitude towards special needs children,it is suggested that firstly,the state should increase the funds investment and improve the rehabilitation facilities;secondly,the society should strengthen the publicity and establish a regional alliance of early inclusion education to achieve resource sharing;thirdly,families should attach importance to education methods and create a loving fa-mily atmosphere to cultivate children’s pro-social behavior ability;fourthly,preschool teachers should improve their professionalism and adopt a variety of intervention methods to guide children reasonably.