职业教育“能育”的历史溯源及发展构想

The Historical Tracing and Development Conception of Ability Education in Vocational Education

职业教育“能育”主要是指培育学生技术技能的赋能或致能教育。人类在远古时代,学会了取火、狩猎、捕鱼、采集等,于是有了能育的授受和传承;春秋战国时期的《考工记》记载了“百工”的存在,标志着手工业的繁兴,使能育进一步发展成为现实。但几千年儒家传统文化思想轻视劳力者,对后世能育的发展起到了严重阻碍的消极作用。科技迅变,人类进入技术化生存时代,催生了现代职业教育,推动了能育的复兴和迅猛发展。当今社会背景下,我国要推动能育的发展必须做到构建能力社会的生态环境,释放更多助益能育的政策利好,将能育纳入教育方针的指导体系。

Ability education in vocational education mainly refers to the education of enabling students'technical skills.In the age of ancient times,when human beings learned how to take fire,hunt,fish,collect,etc.,they had the reception and inheritance of ability education.In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,Kaogong Ji(Records of Artificers)recorded the existence of hundreds of industries,which marked the rise of handicraft industry and made it reality to further develop ability education.However,for thousands of years,the traditional thoughts despised farmers and belittled laborers,which played a negative role in the development of ability education in later generations.In the era of rapid changes in science and technology,human beings have entered the era of technological survival,which has given birth to modern vocational education and promoted the renaissance and rapid development of ability education.In today's social background,in order to promote the development of ability education,we must build the ecological environment of the ability society,release more favorable policies,and bring education into the guiding system of education policy.