高职学校新兴专业建设及其项目课程开发的困境与优化路径

Difficulties and Optimization Approaches of the Construction of Emerging Majors and Project⁃Based Curriculum in Colleges

我国正在大力推进中国特色高水平高职学校和专业的建设,而高水平专业的主体是新兴专业,专业建设的核心是项目课程开发。新兴专业是与新兴产业匹配的专业,与传统专业相比,新兴专业建设及其项目课程开发面临诸多新问题。以工业机器人专业及其中的一门课程“示教与编程”为例,新兴专业建设存在的严重问题是人才培养规格界定模糊、培养目标缺乏前瞻性,且忽视职业道德教育对新兴专业人才培养的重要价值;深层次的问题是缺乏企业的深度参与,高职学校教师和学生的素养也难以满足新兴专业人才培养的需要。与此类似,新兴专业项目课程开发也存在着目标笼统模糊、与企业需求错位的明显问题,同时,教学“重行轻知”、学生对实际工作的感知肤浅、课程时间安排不够科学、开发团队结构不完整、投入不足等也是课程开发遇到的难题。为了建设高质量的新兴专业、开发优质项目课程,应设置人本化目标,以项目课程为载体融合知识教学和操作练习;同时应以双因素激励理论为指引,精心打造高品质的专业建设和课程开发团队,还应强化对技能形成的心理机制的研究,特别应激励一线教师积极开展行动研究。

China is vigorously promoting the construction of high⁃level colleges and high⁃level majors with Chinese characteristics.High⁃level majors are mainly emerging majors,and the core of major construction is the development of project⁃based curriculum.Emerging majors are those that match emerging industries.Compared with the traditional majors,the construction of new majors and the development of project⁃based courses are confronted with many new problems.Taking industrial robotics and one of its courses"teaching and programming"as an example,the serious problems existing in the construction of emerging majors are the vague definition of personnel training specifications and the lack of forward⁃looking training objectives and the neglect of the important value of professional ethics education.The underlying problemis the lack of deep corporate involvement.Besides,the quality of teachers and students in colleges is also difficult to meet the needs of training new professionals.Similarly,there are obvious problems such as vague targets and misalignment with enterprise needs in curriculum development.At the same time,there are also some other problems.For instance,operation is valued over knowledge in teaching;students have a superficial perception of the actual work;the schedule is not scientific enough;the development team structure is incomplete and underinvested.In order to build high⁃quality new majors and develop high⁃quality project⁃based curriculum,it is necessary to set the objective of humanization and to integrate the knowledge teaching and operation with the project⁃based courses as the carrier.At the same time,under the guidance of the two⁃factor incentive theory,we should carefully build a high⁃quality professional construction and curriculum development team.It is also necessary to strengthen the research on the psychological mechanism of the formation of skills,especially to encourage teachers to actively carry out action research.