论汉语语法的动态属性--以离合词和伪定语句为例

On the Dynamicity of Chinese Grammar:With Splittable Compounds and Fake Attributive Construction as Examples

认知语法提出,语言结构的根本属性是动态性,是多个概念成分在不同时间跨度上的提取和激活过程。在动态观照下,汉语离合词和伪定语句等涉及成分组合的棘手问题可以得到自然的解释。离合词合式和离式用法的区别在于,前者涉及基于词窗的提取,而后者打破了原有的词窗组织。定中结构"N1的N2"是两名词的依次提取,伪定语句是通过句法环境来协调它们之间认知关联的结果。总之,不同的语言结构是概念内容的不同提取与激活方式。它们原本就是我们看到的样子,没有必要仅为理论需要而特设句法操作。

According to Cognitive Grammar,linguistic structure is inherently dynamic,i. e. sequentially accessing and co-activating conceptual elements on different time scales. From this dynamic perspective,two tricky problems involving constituency,i. e. splittable compounds and the fake attributive construction,can be solved naturally. For the former,the split usage differs from the lumping one in that it involves word-sized window rearrangement. For the latter,"N1 de N2"resides in accessing two nominals serially. The fake attributive interpretation originates from their cognitive connection specified by the relevant syntactic context. In brief,different types of linguistic structures represent different paths to access and activate conceptual content. These structures are just what we saw and there is no necessity to propose syntactic operations only for the sake of theoretical demands.