TSP法超前预报数据分析及探测技术研究

Research on the Data Analysis and Detection Technology of TSP Advance Forecast

研究目的:由于隧道是地下修建的线状结构物,围岩状况较复杂,再受勘察技术的限制,在设计阶段完全准确地判断前方地质条件很难做到。盲目施工会造成塌方、涌水、涌泥、有害气体等地质灾害或安全事故,因此在施工阶段开展有效的监控量测和超前地质预报工作非常必要,利用观测和超前预报结果及时修正设计和施工方法使之适合实际的围岩状况,确保施工的安全性和经济性。目前隧道施工过程中完善地质工作也是我们迫切要解决的问题之一。本文通过对几条铁路部分隧道超前地质预报数据分析及探测技术进行深入研究。研究结论:(1)TSP法对能给施工带来安全隐患的断层、软弱的含煤地层及采空区、岩溶强烈发育区、含水体、节理裂隙发育区等的预报是比较准确的;(2)目前TSP法还不能对溶洞的形态、含水体的含水量及水压、煤层的瓦斯含量等进行准确判断;(3)在埋设接收器导管时应采用环氧树脂或锚固剂进行耦合,绝不能采用黄油进行耦合,只有这样才能保证P波-纵波、SH波-横波、SV波-横波的正常接收;(4)由于物探方法的多解性及间接性(通过围岩的物性参数来推测围岩的结构)的影响,TSP法只能对掌子面前方的物探异常进行定性和半定量解释,为了使物探地质解译更准确,需要用少量的超前水平钻探(含加深炮眼探测)进行验证或多种物探手段结合建立综合超前地质预报体系;(5)本研究成果可为岩质隧道超前地质预报的精确判译提供参考。

Research purposes:Since the tunnel is a linear underground structure,the surrounding rock condition is more complicated,and it is limited by the survey technology.It is difficult to accurately judge the front geological conditions in the design stage.Blind construction will cause geological disasters or safety accidents such as landslides,water inrush,mud and harmful gases.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out effective monitoring and measurement and advanced geological prediction work during the construction phase,using observations and advanced forecast results to urgently correct the design and construction method is suitable for the actual surrounding rock conditions to ensure the safety and economy of the construction.At present,the improvement of geological work in the tunnel construction process is also one of the problems we urgently need to solve.This paper studies the geological prediction data analysis and detection technology of several railway tunnels.Research conclusions:(1)TSP method is more accurate in predicting faults,weak coal-bearing strata,goaf,strong karst development area,aquifer,joint and fissure development area which can bring hidden safety hazards to construction.(2)At present,TSP method can not predict the shape of karst cave,water content and water pressure of aquifer,and gas content in coal seam.(3)The epoxy resin or anchoring agent should be used to couple when burying receiver ducts,the butter must not be used to couple,only in this way P-P wave,SH-S wave and SV-S wave can be received normally.(4)Due to the influence of the multi-solution and indirectness of geophysical prospecting methods(inferring the structure of surrounding rocks by the physical parameters of surrounding rocks),TSP method can only interpret the geophysical anomalies in front of the palm qualitatively and semi-quantitatively.In order to interpret geophysical prospecting geology more accurately,it is necessary to verify with a small amount of advanced horizontal drilling(including deepening borehole exploration)or to establish a comprehensive advanced geological prediction system with various geophysical methods.(5)The research results can provide a reference for the accurate interpretation of the geological prediction of the rock tunnel.