中国特色农产品国际竞争力分析

Analysis of International Competitiveness of Agricultural Products with Chinese Characteristics

在国际贸易环境复杂多变背景下,中国农产品国际竞争力如何,引起各界高度关注。近年来,以蔬菜和水果为首的特色农产品贸易在中国农产品贸易中占据重要地位。选取葱、姜、蒜、卷心菜等芥菜类蔬菜、食用菌罐头、苹果、柑橘、梨、桃、葡萄等10个重点品类,基于CMS模型和竞争力指数相结合的方法,对中国特色农产品国际竞争力进行研究。中国特色农产品贸易整体增长迅速,出口市场主要集中在东南亚国家,姜、鲜大蒜以及食用菌罐头具有极强的国际竞争力,鲜洋葱及大葱、卷心菜等芥菜类蔬菜、鲜苹果、柑橘以及鲜梨具有较强的国际竞争力,鲜桃和鲜葡萄的国际竞争力较弱。未来,为提高国际竞争力,中国特色农产品仍需优化出口品种结构、调整出口市场结构、延伸特色农产品产业链。

Under the background of complex and changeable international trade environment, the international competitiveness of China’s agricultural products has attracted great attention from all walks of life.In recent years, the trade of characteristic agricultural products, led by vegetables and fruits, plays an important role in the trade of agricultural products in China. Ten key categories of mustard vegetables such as onion,ginger, garlic, cabbage, canned mushroom, apple, orange, pear, peach and grape were selected to study the international competitiveness of characteristic agricultural products based on the combination of CMS model and competitiveness index. The results showed that the trade of characteristic agricultural products was growing rapidly, and the export market was mainly concentrated in Southeast Asian countries. Ginger, fresh garlic and canned mushroom had strong international competitiveness. Fresh onion, green onion, cabbage and other mustard vegetables, fresh apples, oranges and fresh pears had strong international competitiveness, while fresh peaches and grapes had weak international competitiveness. In the future, in order to improve international competitiveness, agricultural products with Chinese characteristics still needs to optimize the structure of export varieties, adjust the structure of export market and extend the industrial chain of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics.