变应原在变态反应性疾病中的作用及相关诊疗的进展

Role of Allergens in Allergic Diseases and Progress of Related Diagnosis and Treatment

变应原致敏引起的变态反应性疾病已经成为全球的共同问题。食物及呼吸变应原致敏不仅影响患者的生活质量,造成沉重的经济负担,甚至还可危及生命。目前常用的变应原检测方法为特异性免疫球蛋白E检测,但嗜碱粒细胞活化试验及变应原特异性辅助性T细胞2检测在检测并评价变应原临床意义方面日益受到重视。除经典的口服免疫治疗、舌下含服免疫治疗及皮下免疫治疗外,奥马珠单抗等针对变应原的生物制剂脱敏治疗也逐渐应用于荨麻疹及哮喘的治疗。而早期小剂量摄入诱导免疫耐受及皮肤屏障疗法在预防变态反应性疾病方面具有较大理论价值及临床应用前景,是未来研究的热点。

Allergic diseases caused by allergen have become a common problem in the world nowadays.Sensitization of food and respiratory allergens not only affects the quality of the patients,but also causes a heavy financial burden and can ben even life-threatening.The current commonly used allergen detection method is specific immunoglobulin E detection,but the basophil activation test and allergen-specific helper T cell 2 detection have received increasing attention in detecting and evaluating the clinical significance of allergens.At present,the common desensitization therapy includes classical oral immunotherapy,sublingual immunotherapy and subcutaneous immunotherapy,while bioagents such as omalizumab are gradually applied to urticaria and asthma treatment.In addition,small-dose allergens intake in early life stage to induce immune tole-rance and skin barrier therapy have great theoretical value and clinical application prospects in allergic diseases prevention,which are future research hotspots in the field.