粪便基因甲基化检测在结直肠癌早期诊断中的研究进展

Progresses of Research on Fecal DNA Methylation Detection for Early Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis

结直肠癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤相关死亡原因之一。肿瘤抑制基因启动子区域的超甲基化使抑癌基因长期处于沉默状态,可引发肿瘤形成、免疫逃逸和转移,并与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关,发生于肿瘤发生的早期阶段,可能成为结直肠癌早期检测的分子标志物。改善结直肠癌筛查质量以及提高结直肠癌患者治疗依从性成为近年的研究热点,通过检测血液和粪便中的肿瘤相关标志物积极探索新的筛查方法,粪便DNA甲基化检测较目前临床粪便隐血试验和血清标志物测定的灵敏度和特异性更优,有助于降低结直肠癌的患病率及相关死亡率。

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer-related causes of death.Hypermethylation of the promoter region of tumor suppressor gene makes the tumor suppressor gene remain silent for a long time,which can cause tumor formation,immune escape and metastasis,and is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer.It occurs in the early stage of tumor occurrence and may become a molecular marker for the early detection of colorectal cancer.In recent years,it has become a research hotspot to improve the quality of colorectal cancer screening and improve the treatment compliance of the patients.Through the detection of tumor related markers in blood and feces,we actively explore new screening methods.The detection of DNA methylation in feces is more sensitive and specific than the current clinical fecal occult blood test and serum markers,which helps to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer and reduce its related mortality.