论信任的“伦理半径”及其在现代性中的合理方式

On The Ethical Radius of Trust and Its Modern Significance

本质上来说,信任是一个依据信息的“在场性”而“取消怀疑”的心理演变过程,它的这种品性决定人类的信任行为必然存在一个人际的“半径”。在传统伦理社会的设计上,治理者往往利用人的“信任半径”建构一种伦理自洽的“小社群”体系,进而在伦理半径内人可以获得“本乡本土”的“安心”。而在伦理“祛魅”后的现代性社会中,社会关系取代伦理关系,对契约、制度的信任取代了人与人之间的天然信任,于是在对“原子化”与“异乡人”的现代性忧虑上,信任成了一种崇高的道德要求。其结果是社会需要信任作为自身凝聚力的心理机制,但同时原子化的社会环境又加剧着信任行为的困难。参照西方交互主体诸理论可以发现,现代社会更需要一种基于“承认”和“商谈”的信任观。但是,两者对于社会整体信任效力又必须体现在一种“可精神化”上,即“承认”和“商谈”需要呈现为一种社会风尚的形态,而非仅体现在私人性的主体交往上。这是现代信任观和传统“伦理半径”可结合的一个范式。

Inessence,trust is a mental evolution that people cancels his doubt based on the presence of information,its character determines that the human trust must have a radius,in the design of traditional ethical society,the rational person often uses the trust radius to construct a self-consistent small community system,and within the radius,people can get the peace like homeland.In the modern society after ethics disenchantment,social relations replaced ethical relations,and trust in the regime and system replaced the trust between people,so it is concerned with the modernity of the atomization and the stranger,trust become a noble moral imperative.The result of this is that the society needs trust as a psychological mechanism of its own cohesion,but at the same time the atomized social environment exacerbates the difficulty of trusting behavior.With reference to theories of Western interactive subjects,we can find that modern society needs a kind of trust concept based on"recognition"and"negotiation".However,the effect of both on the overall trust of the society must be embodied in a kind of"spiritualizable",that is,"recognition"and"negotiation"need to be presented as a form of social customs,rather than merely reflected in the personal interaction of the subject.on.This is a paradigm where modern concepts of trust and traditional"ethical radii"can be combined.