人新型冠状病毒与禽冠状病毒遗传进化关系简析

Brief Analysis of Evolution Relationship between Human New Coronavirus and Avian Coronavirus

2019年底暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情对全球人类健康构成了严重威胁。为研究其病原(SARS-Co V-2)与禽冠状病毒之间的关系,将两者进行了基因序列比对、遗传进化分析、蛋白结构比较及交叉血清学检测。结果显示:SARS-Co V-2与禽冠状病毒的基因组序列相似性仅为44.7%~50.7%,遗传进化距离较远;两者S蛋白空间结构相似度低;SARS-Co V-2 S蛋白与禽冠状病毒阳性血清无交叉反应。表明这两种病毒在基因和蛋白水平均存在较大差异。研究提示:这两种冠状病毒可能很难突破人类与禽类的种间屏障实现跨种传播,SARS-CoV-2通过感染家禽并进一步威胁公共卫生安全的风险甚小。

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19) at the end of 2019 poses a serious threat to global human health. In order to study the relationship between the pathogen(SARS-Co V-2) and avian coronavirus, gene sequence alignment, genetic evolution analysis, protein structure comparison and cross serological detection were carried out. The results showed that the similarity of the genome sequence between SARS-Co V-2 and avian coronavirus was only44.7% to 50.7%, the distance of genetic evolution was relatively long, and the similarity of S protein spatial structure between them was low. There was no cross-reaction between SARS-Co V-2 S protein and avian coronavirus positive serum.There were significant differences in gene and protein levels between these two kinds of viruses. It was suggested that it might be difficult for the two coronaviruses breakthrough human-poultry interspecific barrier to achieve cross-species transmission, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infecting poultry and further threatening public health was very low.