玉米酸汤子制作过程中真菌毒素迁移规律研究

Research on Migration of Mycotoxin in the Production of Suan-tang-zi

利用高效液相色谱法对长江流域江苏、安徽等5省收获1个月内玉米中真菌毒素及玉米制作酸汤子过程中真菌毒素迁移变化进行分析研究。结果表明,新收获玉米中玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)污染严重,超标率达40.09%;黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和赭曲霉毒素(OTA)污染较轻,超标率分别为4.50%和0.45%;分析原因可能与ZEN产毒菌在玉米生长阶段生长和产毒,而AFB1和OTA产毒菌在玉米储藏阶段生长和产毒有关。在玉米发酵制备酸汤子过程中发现,发酵对酸汤粉中AFB1去除效果明显,酸汤粉中AFB1含量仅占原始玉米中的16.73%;发酵对酸汤粉中ZEN和OTA去除效果不明显,酸汤粉中ZEN和OTA含量分别占原始玉米中的64.39%和64.86%;玉米中AFB1主要迁移至发酵液中,迁移率为82.86%;玉米中ZEN和OTA主要富集在酸汤粉中,迁移至发酵液中的比例仅为8.38%和11.15%。

The mycotoxin contamination in maize within one month after harvest in five provinces of Yangtze river basin and the migration of mycotoxin in Suan-tang-zi (fermented corn noodle) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results showed that zearalenone (ZEN) contamination was serious in the newly harvested maize,the over standard rate was 40.09%.Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin (OTA) contamination was light,the over standard rate was 4.50% and 0.45%,respectively,which may be related to Fusarium growth and toxin production in maize growth stage,while Aspergillus growth and toxin production in maize storage stage.During the fermentation of maize to prepare Suan-tang-zi,it was found that the removal effect of AFB1 in fermented corn powder was obvious,the content of AFB1 in Suan-tang-zi powder accounted for 16.73% of the original maize.The removal effect of ZEN and OTA in fermented corn powder was not obvious,the content of ZEN and OTA in fermented corn powder accounted for 64.39% and 64.86% of the original maize,respectively.AFB1 in maize mainly migrated to the fermentation liquid,with a migration rate of 82.86%.ZEN and OTA were mainly enriched in fermented corn powder,only 8.38% and 11.15% of ZEN and OTA migrated to fermentation liquid.