从生命健康权到生命权、身体权、健康权--《民法典》对物质性人格权规定的规范创新

From Right of Life and Health to Life Right, Body Right and Health Right --Innovative Norms of Material Personality Right in The Civil Code

《民法典》在《民法通则》第98条规定生命健康权的基础上,全面规定了生命权、身体权和健康权,构建了物质性人格权的权利体系。在规范物质性人格权的内容中,特别规定了生命尊严、身体完整、身心健康的权利内容。在行使物质性人格权的规则中,特别规定了完全民事行为能力人自主决定捐献人体组成部分以及遗体、禁止人体组成部分买卖、临床试验以及从事人体基因与人体胚胎医学和科研活动应当遵守的底线等创新规则。在物质性人格权的权利保护中,特别规定了负有法定救助义务的组织和个人应当及时施救。上述规则共同组成了《民法典》关于物质性人格权的规范创新,为我国民法更好地保护自然人的生命权、身体权和健康权,提供了民法规范的保障。

On the basis of the right to life and health stipulated in Article 98 of General Principles of Civil Law, The Civil Code comprehensively stipulates life right, body right and health right, constructing the right system of material personality right. In the part of regulating the material personality right, it especially stipulates the content of life dignity, physical integrity and physical and mental health. Among the rules for exercising the material personality right, The Civil Code specifically stipulates the innovative rules, such as the independent decision of the person with full civil capacity to donate human body components and remains, the prohibition of the sale of human body components, clinical trials and the bottom line to be observed in human genes and human embryo medical and scientific research activities. In the protection of the material personality right, it specifically stipulates that organizations and individuals with statutory assistance obligations should carry out the rescuing task in time.The above-mentioned rules together constitute the innovative norms of The Civil Code on the material personality rights, and provide the guarantee for our country’s civil law to better protect natural people’s life right, body right and health right.