“必要数据”原则的构建--从必要设施原则与数字市场的兼容性谈起

A Theory of “Essential Data”:Starting from the Campatibility between the Principle of Essential Facilities and Digital Market

必要设施原则在数字垄断应用中有其新的生命力,但是数字市场的双边市场和动态竞争的特点极大程度地影响了传统反垄断法相关概念适用于数字市场,进而影响了必要设施的界定和适用。文章提出的解决方案是建立适用于数字市场的"必要数据"原则:首先,从排除竞争的角度明确数据垄断的判断标准;其次,将数据竞争力转化为信息竞争力,将数据开放的范畴限定为市场上效率相近的竞争企业,通过加工获得的信息不具有可替代性,进而导致市场进入壁垒的一类数据;最后,应用效率抗辩以警惕对数字市场竞争的消极影响。

The principle of necessary facilities has its new vitality in the application of digital monopoly,but the characteristics of bilateral market and dynamic competition of digital market have greatly affected the application of traditional anti-monopoly law related concepts to digital market,and then affected the definition and application of necessary facilities. The solution proposed in this paper is to establish the "necessary data"principle applicable to the digital market:first,define data monopoly from the perspective of eliminating competition;second,transform the data competitiveness into information competitiveness,which is not substitutable and thus sufficient to create a type of data for market entry barriers;finally,use efficiency defenses to guard against the negative impact on digital market competition.