中国磷矿开发利用现状

Development and Utilization of Phosphate Ore in China

磷矿石作为一种不可再生矿产资源,在磷化工行业得到了广泛的开发利用。本文从我国磷矿资源分布、矿石特点、磷矿开发利用现状及开发中遇到的问题、磷矿产业格局等进行了综述。我国磷矿石资源储量十分丰富,但"丰而不富"且分布不均。随着易采选矿石储量的减少,低品位磷矿石资源的开发、磷产品单一等因素制约了磷矿产业的发展。提出进行供给侧改革,采用智能采矿等新技术、浮选新药剂,加快利用磷尾矿、磷石膏等固废的措施,实现磷矿产业的健康可持续发展。

Phosphate ore as an important non-renewable mineral resource has been widely used in the phosphorus chemical industry.The distribution and characteristics of phosphate resources,the status quo and problems of utilization of phosphate,and the pattern of phosphate industry were summarized.It is found that the reserves of phosphate ore are very rich in China,but in low-grade and unevenly distributed.With the easy-to-extract ore reserves being reduced,the development of the phosphate industry is constrained by utilization of low-grade phosphate ores and single phosphorus product.We should take measures such as supply-side reform,adopting new intelligent mining technologies and flotation agents,and accelerating utilization of solid wastes including phosphorous tailings and phosphogypsum,so as to realize the healthy and sustainable development of the phosphate mining industry.