“三权分置”下适度放活宅基地使用权探析

Moderate Liberalization of the Right to Use Residential Land under “Division of Three Rights”

适度放活宅基地使用权是在制度变迁理论指导下破解宅基地使用权权能扩张困境、凸显使用权财产价值功能、突破使用权封闭性流转限制的必然要求,但是必须厘清在现代产权制度安排下适度放活宅基地使用权的内涵,提出准确把握宅基地使用权适度放活的条件限定性、阶段性、差异性、动态性、平衡性要求,并从赋予宅基地产权主体完整处分权和收益权、适度突破使用权流转范围和方式、拓展宅基地(农房)使用权经营性用途等方面探寻适度放活宅基地使用权的实现途径,同时要在落实集体所有权、明确农民宅基地资格权、健全宅基地使用权流转市场、构建风险防范机制、适时修改相关法律等方面为适度放活宅基地使用权提供保障。

Moderate liberalization of the right to use residential land is an inevitable requirement to solve the dilemma of expansion of the right to use residential land under the guidance of the theory of institutional change,which highlights the value of the right to use property, and breaks through the restriction of closed circulation.However, it is necessary to clarify the connotation of moderate liberalization of the right to use residential land under the arrangement of modern property rights system.Based on the practical experience of housing land system reform in the pilot areas,this paper puts forward the requirements of restriction,stage,difference, dynamic and balance for the appropriate liberalization of the right to use housing land,and gives the householder the complete right of disposition and earnings.We should break through the scope and mode of the right transfer, expand the operational use of the right to use homestead(farm house) and explore ways to realize the right to use homestead moderately.Meanwhile,we should implement collective ownership, clarify the eligibility rights of farmers’ homestead,improve the market for the right transfer,and build risk prevention mechanismas well as the timely implementation of the right to use homestead.It is also suggested to amend the relevant laws and other aspects to provide protection for the appropriate liberalization of the right to use residential land.