中美农产品生产成本差距缘何越来越大--以生猪为例

Why Is the Gap Widening in Agricultural Products Production Costs between China and the US? A Case Study of Hog Product

本文以生猪为例,通过对成本要素分解并运用纵向比较法,对中美农产品生产成本差距扩大的原因进行解析。研究发现,中美生猪生产成本差距扩大归结于中国成本上升、美国成本下降,以及人民币对美元的汇率升值,分别贡献21%、50%和29%;而饲料、仔猪、人工和其它成本差距分别贡献21%、41%、20%和18%;中国仔猪价格上升及美国仔猪价格、人工和其它投品数量下降是差距扩大的主要推动因素,分别贡献18%、19%、33%和12%。中国农产品生产亟须在生产技术、经营模式、政策制定等方面强化创新,降低生产成本。

Taking hog product as an example,this paper analyzes the reasons for the widening gap of agricultural products production costs between China and the US by decomposing cost factors and applying vertical comparison method.The research find that the reasons are the rising of Chinese costs,the declining of the US’,and the appreciation of RMB against US dollar,with the contribution rate of 21%,50% and 29%.The differences in feed,piglets,labor and other costs between two countriescontribute 21%,41%,20% and 18% respectively to the widening gap.Rising of piglet price in China,and decreasing of piglet price,labour and other inputs quantity in the US are the main driving factors for the widening gap,whichcontribute 18%,19%,33% and 22% respectively.Agricultural production is in need of strengthening innovation in production technology,business model,policy formulation in China,to reducing production costs.