马铃薯发展历程的回溯与展望

Retrospect and Prospect of Potato Development

本文通过对史料的耙梳,分析马铃薯在塑造现代世界过程中发挥的功能,研判新时代健康中国语境下马铃薯主粮化所承载的使命和实现路径。驯化与种植马铃薯,使古印第安人从狩猎采集者变为农牧的随从,奠定了印加文明的根基。在欧洲,因马铃薯提供高产的食物,西方工业文明得以崛起,进而重塑世界格局;与此同时,马铃薯晚疫病重创爱尔兰,改写了其发展轨迹。马铃薯与美国文化相遇后"合成"西式快餐,作为一种文化象征,裹挟着人们对现代化的想象而在全球化进程中迅速流行。中国历史上,马铃薯对土地开发利用、人口增长及社会发展做出了卓著贡献。全面建成小康社会的新时代,马铃薯的价值被重新认识,秉持"营养是新时代饮食转型升级核心"的理念,统合关照经济效益与生态影响,农业农村部提出马铃薯主粮化战略,中国农业科学院有关研究所和国家食物与营养咨询委员会顶层设计、统筹谋划,从品种创制、区域布局、主食设计开发与消费引导等方面,以科技创新推动马铃薯主粮化战略落地。马铃薯主粮化是以健康中国为立足点和目标的自觉选择和本土化创制。马铃薯将在健康中国新时代焕发新的生机与力量,引领新一轮饮食革命。

Potatoes,one of the world’s four major staple food crops,have played an important role in many crucial chapters of human history.This paper provides analysis of functions of potatoes in shaping the modern world through teasing out historical materials,and studies the mission and path of potato staple food in the context of healthy China in the new era.The domestication and planting of potatoes transformed the ancient Indians from hunter-gatherers to followers of agriculture and animal husbandry,laying the foundation of the Inca civilization.In Europe,owing to the potato,the high-yielding crop,Western industrial civilization was able to rise and reshape the world.At the same time,the potato late blight hit Ireland and rewrote its development trajectory.After the potato meets American culture,it "synthesizes" Western-style fast food.As a cultural symbol,it envelops people’s imagination of modernization.It has been rapidly spread during the process of globalization and left a profound impact.In the history of China,potatoes have made outstanding contributions to land development and utilization,population growth and social development.In the new era of building a well-off society in an all-round way,the value of potatoes has been recognized.The concept of "nutrition is the core of food transformation and upgrading in the new era" has been adhered to.And the economic benefits and ecological impact have been taken into consideration.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has put forward the strategy of main grain production of potatoes.The top-level design and overall planning of relevant research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the State Food and Nutrition Consultant Committee have promoted the implementation of the potato staple food strategy through scientific and technological innovation from the aspects of variety creation,regional layout,staple food design and development,and consumption guidance.Potato staple food is a conscious choice,and also a local transformation.From taste to spirit,everything is based on a healthy China as the foothold and goal.Potato will radiate new vigor and strength in the new era of healthy China and lead a new round of dietary revolution.