美国高校通识教育的国家控制

National Control of General Education in American Universities

通识教育作为国家重要意识形态和主流价值观的"观念载体"、作为建构国家认同的组织化和制度化的直接路径,具有鲜明的国家在场性,因此不可避免地受到政府权力和高等教育行政管理部门干预与管控。文章以美国高校通识教育为切入点,从历史的角度分析了美国高校通识教育国家控制的生成逻辑,在此基础上探讨美国高校通识国家控制的核心路径和特征。借鉴美国的经验,我国高校通识教育的发展应走出"认识论"误区的藩篱,注重高校通识教育和价值观教育在操作层面上的相通性,建构具有中国特色的高校通识教育的控制机制。

General education, as the "concept carrier" of national ideology and mainstream values and the direct path of organizing and institutionalizing the construction of national identity, has distinct national presence, so it is inevitably interfered and controlled by the government and higher education administrative departments. Based on the general education of American colleges and universities, this paper analyzes the generation logic of the national control of general education of American colleges and universities from a historical perspective, and then discusses the core path and characteristics of the national control. Based on the experience of the United States, the development of general education in colleges and universities in China should go out of the barrier of "epistemology", pay attention to the similarities between general education and values education, and construct the control mechanism of general education with Chinese characteristics.